Definition: Medicaid Snapshot Date
The Medicaid Snapshot Date is the date on which Medicaid takes a financial “snapshot” of a married couple’s assets. The “snapshot” can be thought of as taking a photo. The Snapshot Date is only applicable for married couples in which only one spouse is an applicant for long-term care Medicaid (be that for nursing home care or in-home and community-based services). While Medicaid has both income and asset limits for Medicaid eligibility, for purposes of this discussion, only assets are relevant.
Medicaid considers all assets of a married couple to be jointly owned. It is the “Snapshot” that is used to calculate the amount of countable assets the non-applicant spouse, also called a community spouse, can retain. This is called a Community Spouse Resource Allowance (CSRA) and is a Spousal Impoverishment Protection. The CSRA is intended to prevent non-applicant spouses from living in poverty so their applicant spouses can meet Medicaid’s asset criteria. The Medicaid Snapshot date also determines if an applicant spouse is asset-eligible for Medicaid, and if not, how much must be “spent down” to become eligible.
When is the Snapshot Date / How is it Determined?
According to federal regulations, for Medicaid nursing home applicants, the Snapshot Date is the first day on which the applicant was continuously institutionalized. Further defined, it must be the first time the individual was institutionalized for a minimum of 30 days without returning home. “Institutionalized” could mean an applicant was in the hospital, a nursing home, or spent part of the time in the hospital and the remainder of the time in a nursing home.
The date used for the snapshot may vary slightly based on the state in which one resides. For instance, a state may use the actual date that the applicant was institutionalized or may use the first day of the month in which the applicant was admitted. To avoid confusion, the Snapshot Date occurs prior to one applying for Nursing Home Medicaid. If an individual has had more than one nursing home stay that qualifies as a Snapshot Date, the first period of “continuous institutionalization” will be used as the Snapshot Date.
Some states may take a second “Snapshot” at the time a Medicaid application is submitted. This is because the amount of one’s assets can change between the date that one was first institutionalized and the date of Medicaid application.
For long-term care in which a Medicaid recipient receives benefits and services in their home and /or community, the “Snapshot” is generally the date of one’s Medicaid application or the date of the functional needs assessment to determine functional eligibility. A Nursing Home Level of Care, or at the very least, assistance with Activities of Daily Living, is required for long-term home and community based services.
Examples of Medicaid Snapshot Date
Example 1:
Charles had a stroke on February 7th, 2023 and was admitted to the hospital, and upon discharge, immediately moved into a nursing home. His condition has not improved and his wife, Emelia, is not equipped to provide care for him at home. As the months go by, Emelia realizes that Charles will require Nursing Home Medicaid to pay for his continued care. In August of 2023, a Medicaid application was submitted. The snapshot date is February 7th, 2023.
Example 2:
Richard lives at home with his wife, Anna, but has difficulty completing some of his daily living activities, such as bathing, dressing, and eating, without assistance. Anna provides help as she can, but it is too much for her to handle on her own. On January 12th, 2022, an application was submitted for long-term home and community based services via a Medicaid Waiver. The snapshot date is January 12th, 2022.
How is the Snapshot Taken?
The Medicaid Snapshot, also called a resource assessment, is usually completed utilizing a designated form (i.e., asset declaration form) and financial documentation. The form must be completed to reflect the value of the assets owned by the applicant spouse and the non-applicant spouse on the Snapshot Date. Documentation proving ownership and the value of the assets at this time must generally be submitted with the form.
Calculating the CSRA from the Snapshot
Once the Snapshot is taken and the couple’s countable assets calculated, the value of the couple’s assets protected for the non-applicant spouse is calculated and it is determined if the applicant is asset-eligible.
For a Medicaid applicant to be eligible for long-term care, they must have limited assets, generally no more than $2,000. When an applicant is married and only one spouse applies for Nursing Home Medicaid or home and community based services via a Medicaid Waiver, as is the situation with the Medicaid Snapshot, the non-applicant spouse is entitled to a larger portion of the couple’s assets via the Community Spouse Resource Allowance. This Spousal Asset Allowance is above and beyond the $2,000 in assets the non-applicant spouse is able to retain. In 2024, in most states, a non-applicant spouse may receive a maximum CSRA of $154,140. See state-specific asset limits and CSRAs.
Not all assets are counted towards Medicaid’s asset limit. One’s primary home, household furnishings, personal belongings, and vehicle are generally exempt from the limit. Some examples of countable assets include checking and savings accounts, stocks and bonds, and real estate other than one’s primary home, such as a vacation home. Some states count retirement funds, such as IRAs and 401Ks. Learn more.
When calculating the amount of the CSRA, it is important to mention and differentiate between 50% and 100% states. In a 100% state, a non-applicant spouse can keep 100% of the couple’s assets up to the maximum CSRA. In these states, the Snapshot Date is not relevant, and instead the couple’s total amount of countable assets are considered on the date a Medicaid application is submitted. In 50% states, there is both a minimum CSRA and a maximum CSRA. In 2024, the minimum CSRA in most states is $30,828, and as mentioned previously, the maximum CSRA is generally $154,140. See if a state is a 50% or 100% state and see state-specific CSRA amounts here.
In 50% states, the couple’s total countable assets are added up and divided into two. Half of the assets are considered owned by the non-applicant spouse and the other half owned by the applicant spouse. If the non-applicant’s half of the assets are less than the state’s minimum CSRA, they can be allotted some of the applicant spouse’s portion to bring their share of assets up to the minimum CSRA. If the non-applicant spouse’s share of assets falls between the minimum and maximum CSRA, then that is their CSRA, and if the non-applicant spouse’s half of the assets are in excess of the maximum CSRA, they can only keep assets valued up to the maximum CSRA.
As a few quick examples, let’s take a look at a state with a minimum CSRA of $30,828, a maximum CSRA of $154,140, and an applicant asset limit of $2,000. Any “excess” assets must be “spent down” before the applicant can become asset-eligible, and hence, qualify for long-term care Medicaid.
1) A couple has $40,000 in countable assets, which means $20,000 belongs to the non-applicant spouse and $20,000 belongs to the applicant spouse. Because the non-applicant’s share is less than the minimum CSRA, they are entitled to a portion of the applicant spouse’s assets, bringing their CSRA to $30,828. The applicant spouse can retain $2,000 in assets. This means they must spend down $7,172 in assets before the applicant is asset-eligible.
2) A couple has $70,000 in countable assets, $35,000 of which belongs to the non-applicant spouse and the other $35,000 to the applicant spouse. Because $35,000 is between the minimum CSRA of $30,828 and the maximum CSRA of $154,140, the non-applicant’s CSRA is $35,000. The applicant spouse can keep $2,000, and the remaining $33,000 must be spent down for the applicant spouse to become asset-eligible.
3) A couple has $300,000 in countable assets, which means $150,000 belongs to the non-applicant spouse and the other $150,000 to the applicant spouse. The non-applicant spouse can keep up to the maximum CSRA of $154,140 and the applicant spouse can keep $2,000. This means $143,860 in assets will need to be spent down in order for the applicant spouse to meet Medicaid’s asset limit.
Importance of Advance Planning
Medicaid’s Snapshot Date and the calculation of assets can be complicated. For this reason, it is highly recommended that one contact a Medicaid Planner. These professionals can help to establish one’s Snapshot Date, calculate the value of the couple’s countable assets, determine the amount of assets the non-applicant spouse can keep, and assist in implementing Medicaid planning strategies to maximize the amount of assets a couple can retain. Ideally, one should contact a Professional Medicaid Planner well in advance of the need for long-term care to implement planning techniques. This is because there are more options to maximize the amount of assets that can be preserved for the non-applicant spouse, as well as to protect assets from Medicaid’s Estate Recovery Program. Find a Medicaid Expert.